Rebel clan chiefs were called to a summit at the ruins of Achallader Castle in June 1691 with the Earl of Breadlebane, Lord Treasurer of Scotland, who was also a member of Clan Campbell, leading negotiations. Mistakenly, he went to Fort William and then was sent on to Inverary, a Campbell stronghold three days away ,to pledge his allegiance to the King via the sheriff. He is known as the 'Curse of Scotland' for his role in the Glencoe Massacre, the government minister whose exploits went largely unpunished following the infamous murders which took place 325 years ago this week. Frustrated by this, the Secretary of State for Scotland, Lord Stair, decided to make an example to provide a warning of the consequences for further delay. '[29] The impetus behind an inquiry was political; as a former member of James' administration, who then became a supporter of the new regime, Stair was unpopular with both sides. Written by Jim McLean and published by Duart Music, 1963, "Massacre Of Glencoe", "The Massacre Of Glencoe" or simply "Glencoe" is not the first song to be written about this infamous, shameful and senseless act of what would today be called ethnic cleansing in the Scottish Highlands. The Keppoch MacDonalds were outlawed first in 1688 for attacking government troops, then again in 1689 for supporting the Jacobites. Often incorrectly labelled as a massacre committed by Clan Campbell, the Massacre of Glencoe was carried out by elements of the Scots Army acting under orders from the Secretary of State and the Scottish Government. Whoever was pulling the strings, Dalrymple had found his target - and could barely contain his delight. But it wasn’t long before he was back in government. The last on 11 January states; ...my lord Argile tells me Glenco hath not taken the oaths at which I rejoice....[15], Parliament passed a Decree of Forfeiture in 1690, depriving Glengarry of his lands, but he continued to hold Invergarry Castle, whose garrison included the senior Jacobite officers Alexander Cannon and Thomas Buchan. This was the treacherous and cold-blooded order ruthlessly carried out on 13 February 1692, when the Campbells slaughtered their hosts the MacDonalds at the Massacre of Glencoe. As Captain of the Argylls' Grenadier company, Drummond was senior to Glenlyon; his presence appears to have been to ensure the orders were enforced, since witnesses gave evidence he shot two people who asked Glenlyon for mercy. [17], In the debate that followed, Colonel Hill claimed most Highlanders were peaceful, and even in Lochaber, a single person may travell safley where he will witout harme. [10] His approval was sent on 12 December, and received by Glengarry on the 23rd, who did not share it until the 28th. He was to spare none below the age of seventy. On 1 st February 1692, ten days before the massacre, they were ordered to march into Glencoe and await further instructions. The order to slaughter the MacDonalds came from London at the urging of the Secretary of State for Scotland, John Dalrymple. [8] Stair's letters increasingly focused on enforcement, reflecting his belief forged or not, none of the signatories intended to keep their word. Tuesday, 7th February 2017, 1:41 pm . Stair persuaded King William that the order was designed to root out a den of thieves in the Valley of Glencoe. The Massacre Of Glencoe Mort Ghlinne Comhainn We give you 1 pages partial preview of The Massacre Of Glencoe Mort Ghlinne Comhainn music sheet that you can try for free. He was to spare none below the age of seventy. Since he was not authorised to accept it, Hill sent MacIain to Inverary with a letter for the local magistrate, Sir Colin Campbell confirming his arrival before the deadline. '[43], After the study of Scottish history re-emerged in the 1950s, Leslie's perspectives continued to shape views of William's reign as particularly disastrous for Scotland. One suggestion for the delay was an internal power struggle between Protestant elements of the MacDonald clan, like Glencoe, and the Catholic minority, led by Glengarry. This was because MacIain, leaving it to the last minute, had travelled to Fort William instead of Inveraray to swear the oath. Noté /5. Captain Robert Campbell of Glenlyon was given the command of two companies of about 120 men in total. Expecting you will not faill in the full-filling hereof, as you love your selfe, I subscribe these with my hand  att Balicholis  Feb: 12, 1692. sfn error: no target: CITEREFLenman1995 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFLenman1991 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFSomers1843 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFPreeble1968 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFMacaulay1859 (, "Site Record for Glencoe, Massacre Of Glencoe Memorial; Macdonald's Monument; Glencoe Massacre", "Game of Thrones author George R R Martin why he wrote the red wedding", "An Account of the depredations committed on the Clan Campbell and their followers during the years 1685 and 1686", "Managing the Early Modern Periphery: Highland Policy and the Highland Judicial Commission, c. 1692–c. Two days later, secret articles appeared, cancelling the agreement in the event of a Jacobite invasion and signed by all the attendees, including Breadalbane, who claimed they had been manufactured by Glengarry, the MacDonald chief. The killing of 38 members of the MacDonald clan on February 13 1692 by Campbell-led government troops is one of the darkest … Dalrymple’s family crest is said to resemble the nine of diamonds playing card, with the card sometimes called the Curse of Scotland. The Massacre of Glencoe came against the backdrop of civil war in the British Isles. You are hereby ordered to fall upon the rebels, the McDonalds of Glencoe, and put all to the sword under seventy. Try [25], In his letters of 30 January to Lieutenant Colonel Hamilton and Colonel Hill, Stair expresses concern the MacDonalds would escape if warned, and emphasises the need for secrecy. At 5 am on the morning of 13 February 1692 the killing began. The role of John Dalrymple, 1st Earl of Stair, a shrewd political operator who helped secure King William II and his wife Mary on the throne, went largely unpunished. They agreed to do so in the June 1691 Declaration of Achallader, the Earl of Breadalbane signing for the government; in July, the Battle of Aughrim ended the War in Ireland and immediate prospects of a Restoration. But accounts exist that a number of Campbell’s tried to warn the MacDonald’s of an impending horror and urged them to flee. In 1691 all Highland Clan Chiefs were required to swear and sign an oath of loyalty to the new, protestant King William III by no later than 1 January 1692. The regiment remained here until the Nine Years' War ended in 1697; it was disbanded, and no action taken against those involved. [2], Levies from all four served in the Independent Companies used to suppress the Conventicles in 1678–80, and took part in the devastating Atholl raid that followed Argyll's Rising in 1685. Account & Lists Account Returns & Orders. [36] An archaeological survey in 2019 showed Glencoe was occupied until the Highland Clearances of the mid-18th century. This differs from their testimony to the Commission and is unlikely, since they arrived hours after the killings, which were carried out at the opposite end of the glen. Public outcry led to a parliamentary commission which found events to be a “murder under trust” with Dalrymple then forced to resign. He missed the deadline by six days. On 1 st February 1692, ten days before the massacre, they were ordered to march into Glencoe and await further instructions. It is unlikely that Glenlyon knew at this point what he would be ordered to do next. Who Ordered the Massacre of Glencoe - He is known as the “Curse of Scotland” for his role in the Glencoe Massacre, the government minister whose exploits went largely unpunished following the infamous murders which took place 325 years ago this week. Tuesday, 7th February 2017, 1:41 pm . 'You are hereby ordered to fall upon the rebels, the MacDonalds of Glencoe, and to put all to the sword under seventy.' He argued lawlessness was deliberately encouraged by leaders like Glengarry, while ‘the midle sort of Gentrey and Commons....never got anything but hurt’ from it. The order for the massacre of the MacDonalds at Glencoe, 1692. You are hereby ordered to fall upon the rebells, the McDonalds of Glenco, and put all to the sword under seventy. Maclain of Glencoe delayed signing the oath and when he arrived in Fort William he found he had to go to … King James VII of Scotland and II of England was a poor king by any standard: hot-headed, naïve, politically callous and worst of all for many, an adherent to the … The attack had been planned at the very highest level of the state. Glencoe village today. [13], Stair's letter of 2 December to Breadalbane shows the intention of making an example was taken well before the deadline for the Oath but as a much bigger operation; ...the clan Donell must be rooted out and Lochiel. The Campbell’s have long been vilified for their role in the massacre. Other poetic references include Letitia Elizabeth Landon's "Glencoe" (1823), T. S. Eliot's "Rannoch, by Glencoe" and "Two Poems from Glencoe" by Douglas Stewart. [49] It was used as a subject by Thomas Campbell and George Gilfillan, whose main claim to modern literary fame is his sponsorship of William McGonagall, allegedly the worst poet in British history. [32] It was first used in 1588 against Lachlan Maclean, whose objections to his mother's second marriage led him to murder his new stepfather, John MacDonald, and 18 members of the wedding party. However, they serve to demonstrate how the Glencoe massacre has wormed its way into Scottish national consciousness. In addition, links between Irish and Scottish branches of the MacDonalds, as well as Scots and Irish Presbyterians, meant unrest in one country often spilled into the other. You are to have special care that the old fox and his sons do upon no account escape your hands. He is known as the 'Curse of Scotland' for his role in the Glencoe Massacre, the government minister whose exploits went largely unpunished following the infamous murders which took place 325 years ago this week. He first went to nearby Fort William, which at that time was a government military base. The action was sanctioned and implemented by the Crown, with approval by Lowland elites, and it intensified the already bitter Highland-Lowland divisions. In 1691 all Highland Clan Chiefs were required to swear and sign an oath of loyalty to the new, protestant King William III by no later than 1 January 1692. The order was then passed on to Sir Thomas Livingstone, commander of the forces in Scotland. At this time the MacDonalds of Glencoe, a minor branch of the mighty clan, were headed by Alasdair who set off on December 30th 1691 to swear allegiance. [46] Originally known as the 'Soldier's Stone', [47] in the late 19th century, it was renamed Clach Eanruig, or 'Henry's Stone'; it is currently named the Henderson Stone, after the family reputed to be pipers to MacIain. An estimated 30 members and associates of Clan MacDonald of Glencoe were killed by government forces, allegedly for failing to pledge allegiance to the new monarchs, William III of Scotland and Mary II. “It’s a great work of charity to be exact in rooting out the damnable sept, the worst in all the Highlands.”. ©JPIMedia Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved. However, Dalrymple took issue with the pace of progress and King William issued a proclamation to the clan leaders - pledge your allegiance or be answerable at your “highest peril”. 1705", "The dig uncovering Glencoe's dark secrets", "Archaeologists Trace 'Lost Settlements' of 1692 Glencoe Massacre", Report of the Commission given by his majesty, for inquiring into the slaughter of the men of Glenco subscribed at Halyrud-house the 20th day of June, 1693, Macaulay's History of England, chapter XVIII, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Massacre_of_Glencoe&oldid=996399108, Articles containing Scottish Gaelic-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 26 December 2020, at 10:42. [23], MacIain was killed, but his two sons escaped and the 1695 Commission was given various figures for total deaths. 'You are hereby ordered to fall upon the rebels, the MacDonalds of Glencoe, and to put all to the sword under seventy.' The massacre of the Glencoe MacDonalds by government troops in 1692 took place during a blizzard in the depths of winter. This is the original order sent to Captain Robert Campbell of Glenlyon, instructing him to kill the MacDonalds of Glencoe. [48], Glencoe was a popular topic with 19th-century poets, the best-known work being Sir Walter Scott's "Massacre of Glencoe". The massacre was only one in a series of incidents deemed as such, including the Darien scheme, the famine of the late 1690s, and the Union of 1707. On December 30, Alistair McIain of Glencoe - head of a sept of Clan Donald - was crossing the north in deep wintry conditions in order to sign the pledge. [40], Victorian Scotland developed values that were pro-Union and pro-Empire, while also being uniquely Scottish. Le massacre débuta simultanément en trois endroits de Glen Coe  Invercoe, Inverrigan et Achacon  mais les meurtres s'étendirent à toute la vallée lors de la fuite des MacDonald. The massacre was launched on February 13 1692 after the King ordered Captain Robert Campbell of Glen Lyon to attack his hosts and “put all to the sword under seventy”. Despite assurances at Fort William that McIain would be protected, word was delivered to Dalrymple at his office in Kensington Palace by Archibald, 10th Earl of Argyll, Chief of Clan Campbell, that MacIain’s certificate was void. He was appointed as a member of the Privy Council of Scotland and lobbied hard for the Act of Union in 1707. This website and its associated newspaper are members of Independent Press Standards Organisation (IPSO). Scottish foods. [45], Its continuing emotional power was demonstrated in 1998, when a plaque was installed at a granite boulder south of Carnach. By May 1690, the Jacobite rising of 1689 was no longer a serious military threat but unrest continued in the remote Highlands; with William also engaged in the Nine Years War, the Scottish government was under pressure to end it. Sir Colin administered the Oath on 6 January, after which MacIain returned home. 'You are hereby ordered to fall upon the rebels, the MacDonalds of Glencoe, and to put all to the sword under seventy.' While the Maclain of Glencoe was promised safety, Dalrymple saw an opportunity to make an example of the King’s strength. The Massacre of Glencoe. This was the treacherous and cold-blooded order ruthlessly carried out on 13 February 1692, when the Campbells slaughtered their hosts the MacDonalds at the Massacre of Glencoe. In order to continue read the entire music sheet of The Massacre Of Glencoe Mort Ghlinne Comhainn you need to signup, download music sheet notes in pdf format also available for offline reading. [21] On 12 February, Hill ordered Hamilton to take 400 men and block the northern exits from Glencoe at Kinlochleven. On February 13, 1692, thirty-eight members of the Macdonald clan were massacred by troops at the behest of the Lord … After two years of negotiations, Stair was under pressure to ensure the deal stuck, while Argyll was competing for political influence with his kinsman Breadalbane, who also found it expedient to concur with the plan. An historical account of the massacre, in February 1692, of the small Clan MacDonald of Glencoe by Campbell of Glenlyon's troops under orders from the English Government. This you are to putt in execution att fyve of the clock precisely; and by that time, or very shortly after it, I’ll strive to be att you with a stronger party: if I doe not come to you att fyve, you are not to tarry for me, but to fall on. The order came through that the chiefs were to sign an oath of allegiance to King William by January 1, 1692. Primarily directed against areas in Cowal and Kintyre settled by Lowland migrants, it destabilised large parts of the central and southern Highlands, and the government of James II had to use military force to restore order. In preparation to carrying out the massacre, two companies of Argyle’s regiment, a total of about 120 men, under the command of Captain Robert Campbell of Glenlyon, were ordered to proceed to Glencoe by the beginning of February, and under pretext, to remain there and await further orders. [7], On 26 August, a Royal Proclamation offered a pardon to anyone taking the Oath prior to 1 January 1692, with severe reprisals for those who did not. But with the National Trust for Scotland, which today owns much of the glen, preparing to launch a new, £300,000 archaeological investigation into its history, now is an opportune moment to reconsider the events of 1692. Written by Jim McLean and published by Duart Music, 1963, "Massacre Of Glencoe", "The Massacre Of Glencoe" or simply "Glencoe" is not the first song to be written about this infamous, shameful and senseless act of what would today be called ethnic cleansing in the Scottish Highlands. It was used as a subject by Thomas Campbell and George Gilfillan, whose main claim to modern literary fame is his sponsorship of William McGonagall , allegedly the worst poet in … [18] In summary, the Glencoe MacDonalds were a small clan with few friends and powerful enemies. It was an act of official policy, conceived by a Secretary of State for Scotland, Dalrymple, and executed by a Scottish commander- in- chief, approved by the King, and carried out by a regiment in the British Army. [5] This made Lochaber and the clans who dominated it central to the overall government strategy of pacifying the Highlands. Scotland's History Union and Jacobites The Glencoe Massacre The Glencoe Massacre – 1692 The Adobe Flash player and Javascript are required in order to view a video which appears on this page. The Massacre of Glencoe. Hello, Sign in. [42] Glencoe became part of a focus on 'the emotional trappings of the Scottish past...bonnie Scotland of the bens and glens and misty shieling, the Jacobites, Mary, Queen of Scots, tartan mania and the raising of historical statuary. Nov 26, 2019 Susan Grimshaw rated it it was amazing. Glenlyon died in Bruges in August 1696, Duncanson was killed in Spain in May 1705, Drummond survived to take part in another famous Scottish disaster of the period, the Darien Scheme. It was deemed an outrageous affront to both the rule of law as well as the Highland code of hospitality and caused uproar across the country. No artifacts relating to the Massacre have been found as yet.[37]. The infamy of the massacre of Glencoe is not so much in the numbers killed, but in the way it was carried out. [33], As both a capital offence and treason, it was an awkward weapon with which to attack Stair, as William himself signed the orders and the intent was widely known in government circles. Two rival dynasties vied for the throne in far off London; but the fighting, the repercussions and the bloodshed would be felt most in the heart of the Scottish Highlands. The massacre . The Massacre of Glencoe (Scottish Gaelic: Murt Ghlinne Comhann) took place in Glen Coe in the Highlands of Scotland on 13 February 1692. It has been argued the Highlands were generally more peaceful than often suggested, in part because chiefs could be fined for crimes committed by their clansmen. Fugitives were helped at Castle Stalker, a safe place for Clan Campbell, according to tradition. Leave the McLeans to Argyll...[14] In January, he wrote three letters in quick succession to Sir Thomas Livingstone, military commander in Scotland; on 7th, the intention was to ....destroy entirely the country of Lochaber, Locheal's lands, Kippochs, Glengarrie and Glenco...; on 9th ...their chieftains all being papists, it is well the vengeance falls there; for my part, I regret the MacDonalds had not divided and...Kippoch and Glenco are safe. Who ordered the Glencoe Massacre - and why? [28] Despite criticism of the government, there was little sympathy for the MacDonalds; the military commander in Scotland, Viscount Teviot wrote that 'it's not that anyone thinks the thieving tribe did not deserve to be destroyed but that it should have been done by those quartered amongst them makes a great noise. The massacre of Glencoe Nevertheless in one case the submission came too late. History of Glencoe. [52] Work in the summer of 2019 focused on the settlement of Achtriachtan, at the extreme end of the glen; home to an estimated 50 people, excavations show it was rebuilt after 1692 and still occupied in the mid-18th century. Detail from James Hamilton's Massacre … Tattie Scones. It’s known for its magical landscape, which has made it a popular filming location for movies such as Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, Rob Roy, and Highlander.But Glencoe is also remembered for a story of clan betrayal that led to a tragic and bloody Glencoe Massacre in 1692. In 1691, King William the Third, recognising the resurgence of the Jacobite cause, ordered all the clan chiefs to sign an oath of allegiance by 1st January 1692. [44] It is still commemorated in an annual ceremony by the Clan Donald Society; initiated in 1930, this is held at the Upper Carnoch memorial, a tapering Celtic cross installed in 1883 at the eastern end of Glencoe village. 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