Trafficking victims seldom have access to health or social assistance or legal remedies such as financial compensation for work-related injuries or illness, disability-related lost future earnings, or unpaid wages. Human trafficking and other forms of extreme exploitation, including forced labor and forced marriage, now collectively under the terminological umbrella “modern slavery,” are reported to affect an estimated 40.3 million people globally, with 29.4 million considered to be in situations of forced labor [1]. 2000- Free the Slaves, an American charity organisation of Anti-Slavery International, was launched in the United States. Journal of Human Trafficking is a high-impact journal and supports progress towards the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs). While the enslavement of humans has been occurring even before the dawn of written history, today's form of slavery occurs on an unprecedented scale in both scope and reach. And, importantly, the impact of exploitation on the health and wellbeing of a person who has been trafficked depends on the combination of types and severity of the acts she or he suffers (Fig 1). Published by the International Political Science Association. It is not easy. of State, The Trafficking in Persons (TIP) Report is the U.S. Government’s principal diplomatic tool to engage foreign governments on human trafficking. The effects of climate change on local production, market-driven land exhaustion, humanitarian crises, and weak social assistance have each contributed in different ways to distress migration [42]. \\server05\productn\U\UST\6-1\UST112.txt … March 2016 marked the start of the largest human trafficking trial in Thai history. 30 mins. Extreme exploitation, like other complex social phenomena, such as violence against women or substance misuse, has multiple and interacting causes and effects [25, 26]. Continuing its great tradition of enriching the scholarly discourse surrounding issues of social and global justice, the . However, the recent development in terms of defining the menace proved a difficulty that demonstrates continued human exploitation. Sex slavery, sex trafficking and prostitution are often discussed as one and the same phenomenon, sometimes together with human trafficking and illegal smuggling. Recent epidemiological shifts away from infectious diseases towards noncommunicable diseases [24] has led to growing knowledge about the influence of socioeconomic and cultural determinants in mortality and morbidity patterns. Legalization in the United States, however, is the perfect catalyst for a universal movement. Human Trafficking Peer Reviewed Articles. For example, there are critical distinctions between various types of labor trafficking and sex trafficking versus conflict-related trafficking. Moreover, from this vantage point, we might reflect somewhat provocatively on the striking similarities between the harm sustained by people who are officially identified as “trafficking victims” versus migrant workers in the same sectors [19]. This has resulted in increased recognition of the effect of precarious employment, multiple forms of marginalization, and legal and entitlement structures in individual and population health [14]. The authors recommend the use of cognitive approaches, such as Cognitive Processing Therapy, to target maladaptive cognitions, but they emphasize the importance of individualizing the treatment approach for each patient, given the wide range of types of trauma experienced by these individuals. At the moment, there are at the very least 510 known trafficking flows all over the world. Not so fast! Although the literature is sparse regarding evidence-based treatment for this particular population, valuable published clinical wisdom provides much needed guidance. 1, Article 15. Human trafficking has significant effects on both physical and mental health. Section II addresses the problem of drug trafficking and the violence it triggers. Ultimately, however, in this introductory paper, we assert that human trafficking is a global health concern. The article “Attitudes about human trafficking: Individual differences related to belief and victim blame” takes an empirical look into how the public perceives victims of human trafficking. This website uses cookies. At the same time, however, there has been limited evidence on the social, financial, and legal harm suffered by trafficked persons—which often have further implications for ill health. For more information about PLOS Subject Areas, click Second, this Note examines past attempts to control the drug industry and assesses their strengths and weaknesses. To prevent the exploitation of aspiring labor migrants, evidence is urgently needed on the determinants of exploitation and factors that promote safe migration and decent work. At the work destination, labor exploitation and related abuses and their converse, ‘decent, safe employment,’ are generally determined by a combination of employment arrangements and work conditions [28, 53]. Workers are rarely provided personal protective equipment (PPE) or medical insurance and few workplaces are equipped with health or safety measures, especially in less regulated sectors. All registration fields are required. Provides abstracts of political science articles published in scholarly journals and yearbooks. Initially, trafficking of women and girls for forced sex work and, to a lesser extent, domestic servitude, were the sole focus of advocacy and assistance. But each year, approximately 14,500 to 17,500 women, men and children are trafficked into the United States for the purposes of forced labor or sexual exploitation. For more information, please contactlawjournal@stthomas.edu. CHAPTER 1 Introduction and History of Human Trafficking and Modern Day Slavery 9 women. The ecological framework introduced in this paper might serve as a starting point to direct research to investigate key structural, social, and individual drivers of exploitation. Yet, different forms of trafficking are routinely conflated in research, policy and interventions. Research Articles On Human Trafficking. The second wave of the anti-sex trafficking movement is still active. 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