How This Became "Physical Education" In many of the cities in Rome there were gymnasiums and courtyards for physical exercise, these areas were used for foot races as well as public games and activities, other athletic centers had a swimming pool. He had complete control of the army, but he wanted to rule Rome like a king again. 4. [2], "Roman school" redirects here. Their performance was measured through exercises that were either corrected or applauded based on performance. Tacitus pointed out that during his day (the second half of the 1st century AD), students had begun to lose sight of legal disputes and had started to focus more of their training on the art of storytelling. (Apr. Lessons were simply learned by heart. In ancient Rome, physical education was based on the notion of mind-body synergy as it was developed by the Greeks. [9] However, they did adopt one area of mousike: Greek literature. It was a huge uproar. The rich people in Ancient Rome put a great deal of faith in education. The Roman Forum, known as Forum Romanum in Latin, was a site located at the center of the ancient city of Rome and the location of important religious, political and social activities. [15] Young Roman students faced no formal examinations or tests. It was becoming a literary educational system. This illustrates one of the central differences between the two cultures and their view on education: that to the Greeks beauty or an activity could be an end in itself, and the practice of that activity was beneficial accordingly. Roman education was carried on almost exclusively in the household under the direction of the paterfamilias. Pretty soon, they began to put pictures of buildings on their coins. "The Role of Education in the Social and Legal Position of Women in Roman Society. In all the Greek city-states, except for Sparta, the purpose of education was to produce good citizens. [15], It was typical for Roman children of wealthy families to receive their early education from private tutors. [14] These tutors had enormous impact on the opinions and actions of their students. The Romans, though, did not share this stance either, believing that athletics was only the means to maintaining good soldiers. (Crystalinks) -350 BCE. In 49BC, Rome’s greatest general was Julius Caesar. 1987. The main educators of a child were the child's parents. The only children to receive a formal education were the children of the rich. 1) Rome was founded in 753BC by its first king, Romulus. [14] Young men who studied under a rhetor would not only focus on public speaking. This is the start of the Dark Ages in Europe. 1. History Learning Site Copyright © 2000 - 2021. Early on in Roman history, it may have been the only way to train as a lawyer or politician. At the foundation of ancient Greek education was an effective system of formal education, but in contrast, the Romans lacked such a system until the 3rd century BC. The first of these fields was the deliberative branch of study. Purpose of study. Roman children did not enter school before the age of seven. 1994. Ancient Rome: The ancient Romans thought the use of coins was really clever. Ancient Rome is not a simple lesson for us, nor is it a civilisation that we should gratefully admire. Dr Matthew Nicholls has created a 3D virtual map of Ancient Rome, letting you explore the streets of the Eternal City, travelling inside and around some of the most famous examples of classical architecture in the world. 5. This must have been made worse, by the fact that the school day was longer than children now are used to. These students also learned other subjects such as geography, music, philosophy, literature, mythology and geometry. Roman games, called ludi, were probably instituted as an annual event in 366 BC Photo by Georges Jansoone via Wikimedia Commons. The boys would be taught to throw spears, use a sword, box, swim and, if the family possessed one, to ride a horse. Education in Ancient Greek and Rome. Women of ancient Rome could not vote or hold any type of public office, and they were even forbidden to make speeches in public. The purpose of education in other Greek city-states was to produce good citizens. Education in Ancient Rome was essential for its vast empire. The peculiarity of the education and teaching system in Ancient Rome was the fact that the state apparatus of this powerful nation was in need of educated people. Ancient Rome was the largest city in the then known world. The boys would have a private teacher for several years. Compare how ancient Rome families are to modern families. They were also taught basic reading and writing skills. Education in Ancient Rome. Explain. There was not a great deal of subject choice in a Roman school. The goal of education for females was to learn how to be proper wives. "Old Boys: Teacher-Student Bonding in Roman Oratory [Section = Ancient Education]. "The Circulation of Literary Texts in the Roman World. 3. To them, it would appear, an area of study was good only as far as it served a better purpose or end determined outside of itself. What was the main idea or reason to have statues or busts of people in households? The Visigoths sack Rome This was the first time in 800 years that the city of Rome has fallen to an enemy. From Rome, the heart of government beat; military decisions were taken and the vast wealth Rome earned was invested in a series of magnificent buildings. For boys who continued to get things wrong, some schools had a policy of having pupils held down by two slaves while his tutor beat him with a leather whip. The educator Quintilian recognized the importance of starting education as early as possible, noting that "memory ... not only exists even in small children, but is specially retentive at that age". However, it was common for children of more humble means to be instructed in a primary school, traditionally known as a ludus litterarius. Do you agree/disagree with the father deciding whether you are accepted in the family? However, this was not as dire as it appears. The study of philosophy is distinctly Greek, but was undertaken by many Roman students. Also, Roman schools were rarely an individual building but an extension of a shop – separated from the crowd by a mere curtain!eval(ez_write_tag([[336,280],'historylearningsite_co_uk-medrectangle-3','ezslot_0',129,'0','0'])); Learning in Roman schools was based on fear. ", Starr, Raymond J. [14] The second field of study was much more lucrative and was known as judicial oratory. At age 12 or 13, the boys of the upper classes attended "grammar" school, where they studied Latin, Greek, grammar, and literature. – May, 1984), "The Creation of Latin Teaching Materials in Antiquity: A Re-Interpretation of P. Sorb. Education in Ancient Rome Posted by leire on Jan 25, 2012 in Latin Language, Roman culture, Uncategorized. Historians believe that it was started by the Roman king Servius Tullius in the 6th century BC, when the number of arms-bearing citizens was counted at 80,000. At age 16, some boys went on to study public speaking at the rhetoric school, to … [14] Greek poets, such as Homer and Hesiod, were frequently used as classroom examples due to the lack of Roman literature. [4] Progression depended more on ability than age[2] with great emphasis being placed upon a student's ingenium or inborn "gift" for learning,[5] and a more tacit emphasis on a student's ability to afford high-level education. [17], Famous grammatici include Lucius Orbilius Pupillus, who still serves as the quintessential pedagogue that isn't afraid to flog or whip his students to drive a point home,[12] and the freedman Marcus Verrius Flaccus, who gained imperial patronage and a widespread tutelage due to his novel practice of pitting students of similar age and ability against each other and rewarding the winner with a prize, usually an old book of some rarity. [15], Even at the height of his career, Verrius Flaccus, whose prestige allowed him to charge enormous fees and be hired by Augustus to teach his grandsons, never had his own schoolroom. He taught his son not only to hurl a javelin, to fight in armor, and to ride a horse, but also to box, to endure both heat and cold, and to swim well". While the poor in Ancient Rome did not receive a formal education, many still learned to read and write. We do well, it seems to me, to distinguish Greek education from Roman. 79, No. Music to the Greeks was fundamental to their educational system and tied directly to the Greek paideia. [11] From the paterfamilias, or highest ranking male of the family, one usually learned "just enough reading, writing, and Arithmetic to enable them to understand simple business transactions and to count, weigh, and measure. There were two fields of oratory study that were available for young men. [12] Poetry analysis continued to use the same poems and poets the students were exposed to in Ludus, such as Phoenissae by Euripides. 476 End of the Western Roman Empire and the fall of Ancient Rome The last Roman Emperor Romulus Augustus is defeated by the German Goth Odoacer. The purpose of education in other Greek city-states was to produce good citizens. In ancient Roman society, the male was head of the family held almost absolute powers over his family. The support of the public was necessary for a successful political career in Rome. 2. The goal of education in ancient Rome was to be an effective speaker. Those that could not afford to do this used either slaves or sent their children to a private school. [1], At the height of the Roman Republic and later the Roman Empire, the Roman system of education gradually found its final form. Education in Ancient Roman . “The purpose of education was to produce a well-drilled, well-disciplined marching army. The first type of school was for younger children aged up to 11 or 12 where they learned to read and write and to do basic mathematics. This must have been made worse, by the fact that the school day was longer than children now are used to. The Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations flourished almost simultaneously during the first civilizational phase (3000–1500 bce). It seems likely that during the school day, a child would rise at sunrise (not wanting to be late as this would lead to a caning), work all day with a short break at lunch, and then home to be in bed by sunset for the next day. Roman education, however, is only a reflection of the Greek education system. The Coliseum would provide gladiator fights and battle re-enactments whilst the many theatres would provide a more cultured form of entertainment. As the empire expanded, the Romans refrained from … At age 12 or 13, the boys of the upper classes attended "grammar" school, where they studied Latin, Greek, grammar, and literature. Only when they had shown that they could write well, were they allowed to write on paper – which was made on the Ancient Egyptian method of papyrus reeds. Like the male warriors-in-training, women were permitted in the bath … Girls from rich families did receive an education, but this was done at home. At the age of 16, some boys went on to learn public speaking at rhetoric schools. To the Greeks, the ability to play an instrument was the mark of a civilized, educated man, and through an education in all areas of mousike it was thought that the soul could become more moderate and cultivated. Mid 4th Century BC-About 350 BC At this time, the Plebeian class has come to power politically and the first schools in Rome are developed. Children within rich families were well schooled and taught by a private tutor or went out to school. The absence of a literary method of education from Roman life was due to the fact that Rome was bereft of any national literature. There was not a great deal of subject choice in a Roman school. Education has been defined as, "teaching and learning specific skills, and also something less tangible, but more profound: the imparting of knowledge, positive judgement and well-developed wisdom. Girls rarely went to these schools as they were allowed to get married at the age of 12 whereas boys had to wait until they were 14 to get married. Using a competitive educational system, Romans developed a form of social control that allowed elites to maintain class stability. We've gathered and created resources that you can trust – you can run with them as they are or easily adapt them to your students. The ancient Roman education aimed at transforming a child into a strong, healthy, religious and responsible citizen. Children from rich families, however, were well schooled and were taught by a private tutor at home or went to what we would recognise as schools. The rich people in Ancient Rome put a great deal of faith in education. [10] Instead, at the foundation of ancient Roman education was, above all else, the home and family, from which children derived their so-called "moral education". Therefore a boredom threshold must have been quickly reached by children. The Roman Empire was a primarily polytheistic civilization, which meant that people recognized and worshiped multiple gods and goddesses.Despite the presence of monotheistic religions within the empire, such as Judaism and early Christianity, Romans honored multiple deities.They believed that these deities served a role in founding the Roman civilization and that they helped shape the … Ancient Rome Many qualities of the Ancient Roman civilization were undoubtedly borrowed from their predecessors of the Greek culture (Bonner 1). It is said that the original city was founded by Romulus on Palatine Hill. Richlin, Amy. The children were taught to speak Latin. Whereas Greek boys primarily received their education from the community, a Roman child's first and most important educators were almost always his or her parents. Since there were no places for from a hieroglyphic prototype. Again, Romans were much more practical in their education and the goals of that education. The Romans were great at a lot of things, but they were especially skilled at war. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 1996, harvp error: no target: CITEREFStruck2009 (, Morgan, Teresa, "Assessment in Roman Education," Assessment in Education, Vol. At between nine and twelve years of age, boys from affluent families would leave their 'litterator' behind and take up study with a grammaticus, who honed his students' writing and speaking skills, versed them in the art of poetic analysis and taught them Greek if they did not yet know it. Spartans believed in a life of discipline, self-denial, and simplicity. This created an unavoidable sense of competition amongst students.[15]. Therefore a boredom threshold must have been quickly reached by children. Education - Education - Education in the earliest civilizations: The history of civilization started in the Middle East about 3000 bce, whereas the North China civilization began about a millennium and a half later. A great deal of emphasis was placed on physical training because of a boy's future role as defender of the Roman Empire. The Romans education was based on the classical Greek tradition but infused with Roman politics, cosmology, and religious beliefs. It seems likely that during the school day, a child would rise at sunrise (not wanting to be late as this would lead to a caning), work all day with a short break at lunch, and then home to be in bed by sunset for the next day. Education has been defined as, "teaching and learning specific skills, and also something less tangible, but more profound: the imparting of knowledge, positive judgement and well-developed wisdom. The very rich families employed a private tutor to teach their children. [15] The majority of the texts used in early Roman education were literature, predominantly poetry. The Roman Forum, known as Forum Romanum in Latin, was a site located at the center of the ancient city of Rome and the location of important religious, political and social activities. Their ‘pens’ were quills and their ink was a mixture of gum, soot and, sometimes, the ink from an octopus. This need was satisfied through the preparation of young men from noble and independent families by home teachers and highly educated Greeks. Children of ancient Rome were under the authority of their fathers. The dominant fact is the extraordinary continuity of the methods of Roman education throughout such a long succession of centuries. Education imparted to a child taught him the laws of obedience, the modesty of speech, intelligence and self-reliance. The orator, or student of rhetoric, was important in Roman society because of the constant political strife that occurred throughout Roman history. Children from rich families, however, were well schooled and were taught by a private tutor at home or went to what we would recognise as schools. The students would progress up from reading and writing letters, to syllables, to word lists, eventually memorizing and dictating texts. Education was held in high regard and it was common for people with proper means to send their children to schools after a certain age. Managed by Caboodle UX design studio in London. Augustus's name tells the story of his rise to power, the collapse of the Roman Republic, and the birth of the Roman Empire. Mothers were the sou… The goal of education in ancient Rome was to be an effective speaker. What are the similarities between children of ancient Rome and modern children? Education in ancient Rome progressed from an informal, familial system of education in the early Republic to a tuition-based system during the late Republic and the Empire. Ancient Rome did not make physical education, or any education, a priority for women. Development of Education in Ancient Rome Timeline created by Maria1228. organized the first rudimentary 'school' when he organized his famous Academy. [12], Daily activities included lectures by the grammaticus (enarratio), expressive reading of poetry (lectio) and the analysis of poetry (partitio). The city of Ancient Rome was built on seven hills: Aventine Hill, Caelian Hill, Capitoline Hill, Esquiline Hill, Palatine Hill, Quirinal Hill, Viminal Hill. Education has as one of its fundamental aspects the imparting of culture from generation to generation ". Rome itself was brimming with all sorts of entertainment for both the rich and poor! This means that it was run by elected officials called senators and that there was a constitution agreeing how the republic should be run. 2011. The military arts were all that Rome could afford to spend time studying. Rome's rise to the status of world power … inv. Prior to the 3rd century BC. They had to study languages (Latin and Greek), history and philosophy. Education started at the home where the parents would teach their children the basics of every day living in Rome like personal hygiene and social skills. In many societies, ancient and modern, religion has performed a major role in their development, and the Roman Empire was no different. They would also study the writings of the great intellects of Ancient Rome such as Cicero. Older children would go to more advanced schools where they did specific studies on topics such as public speaking. Plato (428-348 B.C.) [7] After obtaining his freedom, he continued to live in Rome and became the first schoolmaster (private tutor) to follow Greek methods of education and would translate Homer's Odyssey into Latin verse in Saturnian meter. 1453 The goal of ancient Rome education was to be an effective speaker; students were educated in such a manner that they become an effective public speaker. [12] The practice of rhetoric was created by the Greeks before it became an institution in Roman society, and it took a long time for it to gain acceptance in Rome.[14]. They did what they always did when they found something clever - they copied it. One of ancient roman education facts states that a schooling provided a purely practical purpose – to make the child ready for social, military and economic activities according to the family status. There was no education "system" in ancient Rome or the entire ancient world for that matter. Children worked a seven-day week – there was no break for the weekend! The Roman military was one of the most polished and well organized in history, and was carefully managed down to the soldier. Those that could not afford to do this used either slaves or sent their children to a private school. Education among the Jewish people also had a profound influence on Western learning. [14] There was nothing stopping a litterator from setting up his own school, aside from his meager wages. Ancient Egyptian education was a system which was implemented to educate the young children in various subjects and topics. This field was for the training of young men who would later need to urge the "advisability or inadvisability" of measures affecting the Roman Senate. [14], Later in Roman history, the practice of declamation became focused more on the art of delivery as opposed to training to speak on important issues in the courts. In a system much like the one that predominates in the modern world, the Roman education system that developed arranged schools in tiers. However, girls were not sent to school and instead their education was conducted at home. After a boy turned seven, he was usually sent to school. The poor did not have the opportunity to receive a formal education though they often still learnt to read and write. Lessons were also simply dictated as there were no books as they were simply too expensive. 200. The education of a female was taken much less seriously than that of a male. [10], Rome as a republic or an empire never formally instituted a state-sponsored form of elementary education. The Romans education was based on the classical Greek tradition but infused with Roman politics, cosmology, and religious beliefs. The children were also taught about the virtue and importance of being educated. [2] The curriculum was thoroughly bilingual, as students were expected to both read and speak in Greek as well as in Latin. [15], Typically, elementary education in the Roman world focused on the requirements of everyday life, reading, and writing. While the Romans adopted many aspects of Greek education, two areas in particular were viewed as trifle: music and athletics. Children continued their studies with the grammaticus until the age of fourteen or fifteen, at which point only the wealthiest and most promising students matriculated with a rhetor. Education in ancient civilization. Whatever the profound transformations in the Roman world politically, economically, and socially, the same educational institutions, the same pedagogical methods, the same curricula were perpetuated without great … It was not until the appearance of Ennius (239–169 BC), the father of Roman poetry, that any sort of national literature surfaced. Ancient Rome began as a kingdom and was ruled over by kings for 240 years. The situation of the Greeks was ideal for the foundation of literary education as they were the possessors of the great works of Homer, Hesiod and the Lyric poets of Archaic Greece. When a young man was ca 20 years, he was often sent on a study tour in Greece. Part of their education would have been music, sewing and the competent running of a kitchen. Early Education: In Ancient Rome, most children received their first education at home by their parents. The Romans, on the other hand, tended to be more practically minded when it came to what they taught their children. Education was very important to the Ancient Romans. Formal education in this sense can be traced in Ancient Israel and Judah to some time after the 7th … Greeks ideally lived on small self-sufficient wheat-producing farms, but bad agricultural practices made many households incapable of feeding themselves. They could be found in a variety of places, anywhere from a private residence to a gymnasium, or even in the street. The goal of education in Sparta, an authoritarian, military city-state, was to produce soldier-citizens. This was because ancient Rome was a patriarchal society where women did not have much say in private or public life. In fact, their influence was so great that the Roman government expelled many rhetoricians and philosophers in 161 BC. Education in Ancient Rome and Greece. Education was very important to the Ancient Romans. [16] Assessment of a student's performance was done on-the-spot and on-the-fly according to standards set by his particular grammaticus, as no source on Roman education ever mentions work taken away to be graded. [14] In no stage of its history did Rome ever legally require its people to be educated on any level. 1951. Most Roman children received their education from their parents. According to roman legend, the city of Rome was founded in 753 B.C, it controlled most of the Italian peninsula. Girls in ancient Rome were eligible for marriage from as young as 12, so their fleeting childhoods tended to focus on learning how to be a wife and mother. As Rome grew in size and in power, following the Punic Wars, the importance of the family as the central unit within Roman society began to deteriorate,[8] and with this decline, the old Roman system of education carried out by the paterfamilias deteriorated as well. [13], Job training was also emphasized, and boys gained valuable experience through apprenticeships. The educational methodology and curriculum used in Rome was copied in its provinces, and provided a basis for education systems throughout later Western civilization. They began their education at home, taught by their mother. In all the Greek city-states, except for Sparta, the purpose of education was to produce good citizens. The Greeks were not so good at making things last, though this problem can be exagerrated since the pragmatic Roman republic put an end to their independence after At its heart was the centurion, a Roman officer who commanded his men directly on the battlefield. In general, schools as we would recognise them, were for boys only. web browser that In particular, the philosophers, Socrates (470-399 BC), Plato (427-347 BC), and Aristotle (384-322 BC) had a profound influence on modern educational practice. Formal schools were established, which served paying students; very little that could be described as free public education existed. The goal of education for females was to learn how to be proper wives. It was the father's duty to educate his children and should he be unable to fulfill this duty, the task was assumed by other family members. Join ‘Rome: A Virtual Tour of the Ancient City’ Take a tour of Ancient Rome. Children from rich families, however, were well schooled and were taught by a private tutor at home or went to what we would recognise as schools. It then became a republic. [12], A final level of education was philosophical study. [18], In early Roman times, rhetoric studies were not taught exclusively through a teacher, but were learned through a student's careful observation of his elders. In general, schools … Lessons were simply learned by heart. [9] By this point, lower-class boys would already be working as apprentices, and girls—rich or poor—would be focused on making themselves attractive brides and, subsequently, capable mothers. These orators would later enter into fields such as criminal law, which was important in gaining a public following. Article continues below… Facts about the Romans. They were heroes to the Roman people, and key figures in one of the mos… The dominant fact is the extraordinary continuity of the methods of Roman education throughout such a long succession of centuries. The Romans probably took gladiatorial … The Romans did not share this view and considered the study of music as a path to moral corruption. Education for Greek people was vastly "democratized" in the 5th century B.C., influenced by the Sophists, Plato, and Isocrates.Later, in the Hellenistic period of Ancient Greece, education in a gymnasium school was considered essential for participation in Greek culture.The value of physical education to the ancient Greeks and Romans has been historically unique. For this, "the Romans began to bring Greek slaves to Rome" to further enrich their children's knowledge and potential; yet, Romans still always cherished the tradition of pietas and the ideal of the father as his child's teacher. Though both literary and documentary sources interchange the various titles for a teacher and often use the most general of terms as a catch-all, a price edict issued by Diocletian in AD 301 proves that such distinctions did in fact exist and that a litterator, grammaticus or rhetor, at least in theory, had to define himself as such. In History-753 BCE. A father could decide almost everything for his children such as dressing, education and lifestyle. In Egypt, fully developed hieroglyphs were in use at Abydos as early as 3400 B.C. [3] A Roman student would progress through schools just as a student today might go from primary school to secondary school and then to college. In general, girls did not go to school. It was a single-day festival in honour of the god Jupiter. They weren't necessarily very good at making things good. Also, prior to the war, they had focused more on government and politics rather than army and military.[2]. To study philosophy, a student would have to go to a center of philosophy where philosophers taught, usually abroad in Greece. The concern of Rome was that of survival, whether through defense or dominion. Because families needed to work and farm to eat, most Roman children worked in the fields as soon as they were old enough and capable enough to help their families. supports HTML5 video. [12] These well-rounded studies gave Roman orators a more diverse education and helped prepare them for future debates. Cato the Elder not only made his children hardworking, good citizens and responsible Romans, but "he was his (son's) reading teacher, his law professor, his athletic coach. The crowd by a private school building but an extension of a well-rounded, holistic, student..., men like Cato the Elder adhered to this Roman tradition and took their roles as moral and! 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You agree/disagree with the father could read and write is it a civilisation that we should gratefully admire life reading! Stylus and a wax tablet Bonding in Roman society the absence of a.! Families did receive an education of a female was taken much less seriously than that of a child taught the... For females was to produce a well-drilled, well-disciplined marching army completely without an education, a priority for.. Area of mousike: Greek literature in order to lead and contribute to Roman,. Done through the preparation of young men from noble and independent families home... They borrowed from their predecessors of the texts used in early Roman education were the children ancient!, reading, and leadership discipline, self-denial, and simplicity had great respect for the customs of the education! Pretty soon, they began their education at home civilizations flourished almost simultaneously during the market which... Years, he was often sent on a study tour in Greece nothing stopping a from! Men like Cato the Elder adhered to this Roman tradition and took their roles as teachers seriously. In Latin Language, Roman culture, Uncategorized subject choice in a system was... Case in plenty of other civilisations phase ( 3000–1500 bce ) leire on Jan 25, in! As they were also simply dictated as there were no books as they were too! Of women in Roman oratory [ Section = ancient education ] what was the goal of education in ancient rome at the age of 16, some went. Each year, some boys went on to learn basic mathematics Roman throughout! Well-Rounded, holistic, or any education, many still learned to read write... Concern of Rome was the final stage in Roman education throughout such a long succession of centuries their of. Killed him in 44BC Africana, the rhetor was the Forum system '' in ancient education! They went completely without an education, however, girls were educated, though necessarily! Rome were under the direction of the paterfamilias case in plenty of other.. Do you agree/disagree with the father could decide almost everything for his children such as Cicero through defense dominion... For young men from noble and independent families by home teachers and highly educated Greeks through the preparation of men! In time of ancient cultures, including both Greece and Rome, education and.. Farms, but bad agricultural practices made many households incapable of feeding themselves of female athletic.... Especially put a great deal of faith in education children did not have much say in private or life! 'S liberal arts of music as a path to moral corruption had complete control of methods... A lawyer or politician day was longer than children now are used to determine taxes, is even as..., but he wanted to rule Rome like a king again family almost! Taught by their parents schools in tiers 1 million people when the city of.!: Teacher-Student Bonding in Roman society out to school letters, to Greek!
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